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TRAIL NOTES · CYCLE & HORMONES

Cycle & Hormones.

Train with your hormones, not against them. Your cycle, energy availability, heart rate and the signals worth reading, in plain language you can actually use. For training through perimenopause and menopause specifically, head to our dedicated notes.

Racing on Your Period

01

Racing on Your Period

What changes, what does not, and how to race it well.

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Eat Enough: Energy Availability for Female Runners

02

Eat Enough: Energy Availability for Female Runners

Why many active women are under-fuelled, not under-trained.

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What Your Heart Rate Is Actually Telling You

03

What Your Heart Rate Is Actually Telling You

Read effort and recovery properly, hormones and all.

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Oestrogen and Your Joints

04

Oestrogen and Your Joints

Stiffer knees and hips in your forties may be hormonal, not just the mileage.

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Running Through Perimenopause

05

Running Through Perimenopause: How to Train, Fuel and Recover

Evidence-informed guidance on training, strength, fuelling and recovery through perimenopause without giving up meaningful goals.

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Your Cycle Is Data, Not a Training Calendar

06

Your Cycle Is Data, Not a Training Calendar

Track energy and effort across your cycle instead of guessing at ‘off’ days.

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Hormonal Contraception and the Athlete Inside It

07

Hormonal Contraception and the Athlete Inside It.

What hormonal contraception does, and does not, change about how you train and race.

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Sleep, Hormones and Athletic Performance in Women

08

Sleep, Hormones and Athletic Performance in Women

Why sleep debt hits female physiology harder, and how to protect it through a training block.

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You are Not Declining. You are Adapting.

09

You are Not Declining. You are Adapting.

Menopause changes the terrain. It does not mean your best running is behind you.

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Running on Empty: Iron, Ferritin and Fatigue

10

Running on Empty. Iron, Ferritin and the Fatigue That Does Not Budge.

The fatigue that rest alone will not fix, and what to check before you push through it.

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Strong Bones for the Long Run: A Guide for Female Trail Runners

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11

Strong Bones for the Long Run: A Guide for Female Trail Runners

Members only note.

Fuelling Through Your Cycle and Menopause

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12

Fuelling Through Your Cycle and Menopause

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Perimenopause Is Your Second Puberty

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13

Perimenopause Is Your Second Puberty

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Running Hotter. Heat, Hydration and Your Hormones.

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14

Running Hotter. Heat, Hydration and Your Hormones.

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Women, Hormones and the Ultra Long Run

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15

Women, Hormones and the Ultra Long Run

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Stronger Does Not Mean More: The Recovery Dose Women Need in Perimenopause

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16

Stronger Does Not Mean More: The Recovery Dose Women Need in Perimenopause

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Sustainable Endurance: How We As Women Should Seek to Evolve Into Longevity

17

Sustainable Endurance: How We As Women Should Seek to Evolve Into Longevity

Samantha Gash on why the formula that builds ambitious women in their twenties can break down in midlife, and a framework for capacity that lasts.

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How to Test Your Sweat Rate (and Why Hydration Changes Across Your Cycle)

18

How to Test Your Sweat Rate (and Why Hydration Changes Across Your Cycle)

A step-by-step sweat-rate test, plus how hydration and heat tolerance shift across your cycle and through perimenopause.

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Health Markers Come First: The Foundation Under Every Distance

19

Health Markers Come First: The Foundation Under Every Distance

No distance goal sits above your health. When your cycle, iron or bones send signals, that is the work that comes first.

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How to use your Her Trails program across every life stage

20

How to use your Her Trails program across every life stage

This guide shows you how to shape your weekend long runs around your age, hormones and life load so your training stays sustainable through every stage.

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Who we draw on

The people behind these notes.

Research on training the female body is small, uneven and still catching up. Here are the researchers and practitioners we read closely, whose work backs the position that your cycle informs training rather than dictating it.

Researchers

The evidence base.

Kirsty Elliott-Sale

Manchester Metropolitan University

Probably the most-cited voice on menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive research in athletes. Author of the field's methodological standards.

Kelly McNulty

Northumbria University

Lead author of the 2020 meta-analysis on cycle phase and performance. Hosts the Period of the Period podcast.

Georgie Bruinvels

UCL and Orreco

The research on menstrual symptoms, heavy bleeding and iron in exercising women. Co-created the FitrWoman app.

Colenso-Semple and Phillips

McMaster University

The evidence that cycle phase does not influence strength or muscle adaptation.

Australia + NZ

Closest to home.

Xanne Janse de Jonge

University of Newcastle NSW

Long-running Australian research on cycle phase, thermoregulation and performance.

Clare Minahan

Griffith University

Female athlete physiology, heat, and AIS-linked research.

AIS Female Performance and Health Initiative

led by Rachel Harris

The clearest Australian institutional voice on female athlete health, with free athlete-facing resources.

Anthony Hackney

University of North Carolina

Exercise endocrinology in women. The physiology under everything else.

Applied + clinical

Translation and care.

Emma Ross

The Well HQ, formerly English Institute of Sport

Applied, coach-facing translation of the research.

Nicky Keay

endocrinologist, UK

RED-S and hormonal health in athletes. Practical writing for women and coaches.

Margo Mountjoy

McMaster University

Lead author on the IOC RED-S consensus (2023). The clinical framework for low energy availability.

Eimear Dolan

University of Sao Paulo

Research methods, and why so much earlier cycle research is unreliable.

A note on Stacy Sims

The most-recognised popular voice on women and training, and the origin of "women are not small men". Her framing changed the conversation. Where we sit differently: her phase-based training prescriptions go beyond what the current meta-analyses support. We share her stance that women deserve research and programming built for their physiology. We stop short of the phase-programming model, and let each woman's signals decide.

Common questions

Should I change my training based on my menstrual cycle?

Track it, don't rigidly schedule around it. Across women, cycle phase shows no consistent effect on performance — so use your own symptoms, energy and sleep as the guide rather than a fixed phase-by-phase plan.

Why is my heart rate higher some weeks?

Resting and easy-run heart rate often drifts up in the luteal phase (after ovulation), and with heat, poor sleep or under-fuelling. Read it alongside effort and recovery, not on its own.

Does my cycle change how I should fuel and hydrate?

It can. Many women need more carbohydrate and sodium in the luteal phase, and heat tolerance and sweat rate shift across the cycle too. Small, tracked adjustments beat guesswork.

Is a missing or irregular period normal when training hard?

It's common, but it isn't a sign of fitness — it's often an early warning of low energy availability (under-fuelling). It's worth taking seriously and investigating rather than ignoring.

Train with us

Coaching that trains with your physiology.

Her Trails programs are built for women — strength, fuelling and training designed around how your body actually works.

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Cycle-Aware Quick Start

The practical version of these notes. Learn the five dials that shift across your cycle, plan one week around your own energy and sleep, choose a session that fits how you feel, then reflect. Short enough to read before a run.

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